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People with physical disabilities:
  • Ask if assistance is required before providing it; if your offer is accepted, ask for instructions on how to help and then follow them.
  • Do not use or move items such as wheelchairs, crutches, and canes without permission. They are considered part of the individual’s personal space. Address the individual directly; it is important to attend to the client rather than someone who might have accompanied him or her.
  • Sit at eye level to facilitate comfort in communication.
  • Make certain there is easy access to your office.
  1. Source: Adapted from United Cerebral Palsy (2001) and New York State Department of Health (2009).
People with vision loss:
  • Identify yourself and anyone else who is present when greeting the client. If the individual does not extend a hand, offer a verbal welcome.
  • Offer the use of your arm to guide—rather than steer or push—the individual.
  • Give verbal instructions to facilitate navigation.
  • If a service dog is present, do not pet or play with the dog.
  • Ask about the client’s preference regarding presentation of information (e.g., large print, Braille, audiotapes).
  • Let the individual know if you are moving about or if the conversation is to end.
  • Give verbal cues when offering a seat. Place the individual’s hand on the back of the chair, and he or she will not need further help.
  1. Source: Adapted from United Cerebral Palsy (2001) and New York State Department of Health (2009).
People who are deaf or hard of hearing:
  • Ask about the individual’s preferred communication (some use American Sign Language and identify culturally with the deaf community, whereas others may prefer to communicate orally, read lips, or rely on residual hearing).
  • Address the individual directly, rather than a person accompanying the client.
  • Realize that talking very loud may not enhance communication.
  • To get attention, call the person by name. If there is no response, lightly touch the individual on the arm or shoulder.
  • Do not pretend to understand if you do not.
  • Use certified interpreters to facilitate communication; their role is to relay information.
  • Try to avoid using family members as interpreters.
  • Make direct eye contact, and keep your face and mouth visible.
  1. Source: Adapted from United Cerebral Palsy (2001) and New York State Department of Health (2009).
People with speech impediments:
  • Allow the individual to fi nish speaking before you speak.
  • Realize that communication may take longer, and plan accordingly. Do not rush.
  • Face the individual, and give full eye contact.
  • Address the individual directly.
  • Do not pretend to understand if you do not.
  • When appropriate, use yes-or-no questions.
  • Check with the client, if needed, to ensure understanding.
  • Remember that a speech impediment does not mean the client has limited intelligence.
  1. Source: Adapted from United Cerebral Palsy (2001) and New York State Department of Health (2009).