The figure shows a rectangular plate fixed to a gusset plate by means of a pin. The gusset plate is anchored to a column on the left. The axial load, P, on the plate is directed to the right. The hole on the plate for the pin is shown elongated.

Another type of normal stress develops at the point of contact between the axial memeber and the pin. This stress is termed bearing stress to indicate that the stress occurs between two distinct components or pieces.

A bearing stress failure in the axial member causes the hole to elongate.