The diagram shows a torque exerted on a hollow shaft attached to a wall.

The elastic torsion formula:

τ=TcJ

expresses the relationship between torque and shear stress in a shaft. This equation will be used to determine the torque T that causes the specified allowable shear stress τ.

To use this equation, the polar moment of inertia J for the hollow shaft will be computed from:

J=π32(D4-d4)

An annular ring is plotted on an z y coordinate system. The inner diameter of the ring is lower d and the outer diameter is upper D.