An annular ring is plotted on an z y coordinate system. The inner diameter of the ring is lower d and the outer diameter is upper D.

The outside diameter of the shaft is 40 mm and the wall thickness is 5 mm. Therefore:

D=40 mm

and

d=D-2t  =40 mm-2(5 mm)  =30 mm

The polar moment of inertia J for the hollow shaft is computed as:

J=π32(D4-d4)  =π32(40 mm)4-(30 mm)4=171,805.85 mm4