How does the elastic limit differ from the proportional limit?

Although such materials are not common in engineered applications, a material can be elastic even though the stress-strain relationship is nonlinear. For a nonlinear elastic material, the elastic limit could be substantially greater than the proportional limit stress. Nevertheless, the proportional limit is generally favored in practice since the procedure required to establish the elastic limit is tedious.

The graph plots stress versus strain. A curve starts from the bottom left of the viewing window at the origin, goes up and to the right with decreasing steepness and exits the top center of the viewing window at a point marked elastic limit. A straight line is drawn starting slightly to the left of the bottom center of the viewing window and ending on the curve at the top center of the viewing window. A caption on the bottom right of the graph reads: finished.